👉 The groundspeed, also known as the cruising speed or terminal velocity, is a measure of an aircraft's maximum altitude that it can achieve without encountering any air resistance. It is calculated by taking the mean aerodynamic drag force experienced during takeoff and landing in flight. Groundspeed is often expressed in kilometers per hour (km/h) or feet per second (ft/s), depending on the context. For example, a groundspeed of 100 km/h may indicate that an aircraft can achieve
