👉 Externals, also known as externalities, are indirect effects or outcomes of an individual's actions that may be influenced by external factors beyond their control. These effects can arise from a variety of sources such as natural resources, climate change, political interference, economic policies, and environmental degradation. Some examples of externals include: 1. Air pollution: The air we breathe contains pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide that can have harmful effects on our health if not properly filtered or