👉 Convexity, in mathematics and optimization theory, refers to a property of functions or sets that is related to the concept of "concavity." It means that if we consider the points on the graph of the function where it changes concavity (i.e., from increasing to decreasing or vice versa), then these points form an arc which lies entirely below the curve. This property is crucial in optimization problems because it allows us to define regions around a maximum or minimum point, and to determine whether a
