👉 Contingency, in the context of probability theory and statistics, refers to a situation where two or more events are affected by an unknown factor. This concept is fundamental to understanding various statistical models and theories, such as regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals. In simpler terms, if you have two outcomes (say A and B), and there's some unknown variable X that can influence both outcomes (e.g., the weather, a disease outbreak, etc.), then the probability of each outcome
