Definition: Adjudication, in legal context, is a formal decision or finding reached by an impartial tribunal of two persons on a case or controversy involving a substantial matter for trial. The decision may be based on evidence presented, arguments presented, or both. In the United States, "adjudication" includes three distinct contexts: (1) where the outcome of a legal action is not in dispute; (2) where the issue(s) involved involves complex factual and legal considerations that are likely to require a trial; and (3) where the issues involve an issue of law that requires a court's judgment. The "adjudicator" or "trial judge" makes the decision. In some cases, one or both parties may object, in which case the matter is referred back to another tribunal or the court for reconsideration. The decision reached by the judge is generally binding on all parties involved and can be appealed to the higher courts. In summary, adjudication refers to the formal decision made by a legal authority (in this context usually by a trial judge) in a case involving a substantial matter for trial, where an issue of law is likely to require a trial.
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