Definition: The term Ashworth is a classification system for assessing muscle weakness in patients with upper extremity paralysis or limb injuries, based on the severity of symptoms. The classification system uses five criteria to assess muscle weakness: 1.

Joint Range of Motion (ROM)

: A measurement that provides an estimate of functional range of movement for each joint. This includes measurements from the hip flexion and extension, shoulder abduction and elevation, wrist circle and extensor flexion, elbow abduction and flexion, knee extension and external rotation, ankle internal rotation and external rotation. 2.

Weakness Score (WS)

: A measure that assesses muscle strength relative to its original strength level. WS ranges from 1-9, with higher values indicating more severe weakness. The score is based on the following criteria: - Weakness is assessed by asking the patient about their ability to perform everyday tasks such as walking, dressing themselves, or using a wheelchair. - The value of WS is calculated using the formula: WS = 10
ROM/60 (for joint range of motion), where 60 is the maximum ROM allowed by the condition. - A score of 9 can be considered severe in terms of weakness. 3.

Joint Flexion Limitation (JFL)

: The ability to extend a joint beyond its natural range of movement. This measures how far an individual can bend their knee, ankle, elbow, wrist or shoulder and then straighten it back up again. 4.

Motor Skill Rating (MSR)

- The ability of the muscle to move freely without resistance. - A score from 0-10 that indicates muscle weakness that may be causing problems for movement. 5.

Balance Assessment (BA)

: This assessment focuses on balance and coordination, assessing a patient's ability to stand or sit up straight with their head resting on the floor and feet touching the floor without falling forward. The classification system is used in rehabilitation therapy and clinical practice to determine appropriate treatment plans based on the severity of muscle weakness. It helps therapists understand how a patient's capabilities have deteriorated and tailor interventions accordingly.

Ashworth