👉 The helicity of a charged particle is defined as the angular momentum possessed by it. This concept arises from Maxwell's equations, which describe electromagnetic fields in terms of vector potentials and magnetic monopoles. The helicity of a charged particle can be calculated using the formula: \[ \mathbf{L} = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\int d^3x \left[ \vec{J}_0 + J_i \right] \] where \( \
